Social Issues In the Philippines Essay Example For Students

Social Issues In the Philippines Essay Ever wonder what happens to a country when a group of politicians get together and decide to purchase land, to try and create a mirror image of their society in that new colony, and instill their culture? Surely, there have been numerous others. In this paper, the attempt is to provide nominal (as an extensive and exhaustive one goes beyond the parameters of this works purpose) insight into the inner workings of American reign in the Philippines from the late nineteenth century to the present, with an emphasis on those policies ramifications on the lives of the affected. The story with the Americans really begins with the purchase of the Philippines for twenty million dollars accounted for in the Treaty of Paris of 1898 that secured Cuban independence, the ceding of the Philippines, Puerto Rico and Guam to the U.S. from Spain (McDuffie, Piggrem, and Woodsworth, AP Exam: US History 123). During that time, according to Lena Mendoza Strobel, professor at Sonoma State University, the Americans belief that the masses (in the Philippines) would only be content under a firm patriarchy helped shape a western policy that asserted political and socioeconomic dominance (Coming Full Circle 41). What that meant and means for the natives of the country are Americanized processes of schooling, American military outposts, American-owned businesses, and an instilling of American norms and values that were and are detrimental to the preservation and development of the existing-prior-to-unwanted-influences, indigenous Filipino one. Because of such ludicrously imposed laws as the Sedition Law of 1901 that provided that Every person who shall utter words or speeches, write, publish or circulate, scurrilous libels against the government of the United States or the insular government of the Philippine Island shall be punished by a fine of not more than US $2000 or by imprisonment not exceeding two years or both as noted by Leonard Davis in his book, The Philippines: People, Poverty Politics, many Filipinos were forced into cooperation and obedience to this, their new colonizers way, of allowing them to live (38). The reality is that the development of political consciousness and individual freedom, two of the cornerstones America presented to the world as its contribution to the Filipino people were, for the most part, superficial because what they really did was, unlike the Spanish, was leave a legacy of economic exploitation through the entering of American goods free of duty, making the country the U.S. principal market in the Orient and having all roads, bridges and other construction work made with American equipment, materials and vehicles (Davis, The Philippines: People, Poverty Politics 38). Through such flippant control, domination, insensitivity, and magnanimous bigotry, the external image that appeared before the world was that the U.S. was performing humanitarian acts of compassion and aide to an uncivilized people. However, internally, the goals of the country really were not to create independence and freedom, but rather to propel their own political and economic interest, or, at least, those people in power in the U.S. In fact, as Stanley Karnow says it in his Pulitzer prize-winning book, In Our Image: Americas Empire in the Philippines, while speaking of the then President McKinleys Secretary of War, Elihu Root, that Root epitomized the sentiments of his government-official contemporaries when he indirectly asserted that (through Karnows words), Filipinos could not possibly comprehend the concept of government by consent of the governed (169). And, that as such, that they needed to be civilized according to their (U.S.) standards; in other words, to transplant its values and institutions so that it would be a mirror-image of his peoples society, with the corollary being U.S. control of policies and government (Karnow, In Our Image 170). .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 , .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .postImageUrl , .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 , .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71:hover , .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71:visited , .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71:active { border:0!important; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71:active , .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71 .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6d29d5d26e3b7c8881c3c9a9aa866b71:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Sanity Of Hamlet EssayThe ramifications of American rule before and after their reinstatement of Filipino statehood and reign in 1946 have yielded great consequences for that countrys people. On the one hand, they did manage to greatly multiply the level of democracy and self-government nowhere seen in comparison during the Spanish reign and, according to Amparo S. Lardizabal and Felicitas Tensuan-Leogardo, editors of Readings On Philippine Culture and Social Life, introduced popular education through the public school system (88). On the other hand, they have also introduced such .

Serial Killer for Abnormal Psychological - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSerial Killer for Abnormal PsychologicalGratification. Answer: Introduction Serial killer is a term which refers to such individual who murders three or a higher number of people and this could be due to a number of reasons including abnormal psychological gratification, and in which the murders take place over a period of months, where a cooling off period in terms of a major break is included between the murders. There are different criteria which are applied by the authorities when it comes to designating of the serial killers; though, the major set the limit of three murders, some lessen it to two and some extend it to four (Waller, 2011). In terms of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, i.e., FBI, serial killing is a series of two or a higher number of murders which are undertaken as different events, which usually is undertaken by an offender who acts alone, but the same is not necessary each time. As per FBI, the motives of serial killers vary from anger, financial gain, attention seeking, and thrill seeking to psychological gratification (Newton, 200 8). Harold Shipman is one of such serial killers who was a doctor turned serial killer and who used the characteristic of manipulator to murder. The following parts cover a case study of Harold Shipman and would attempt to explain the manner in which his characteristic of manipulation played a role in the murders. Case Study Harold Frederick Shipman was a British general practitioner, who lived from January 14th, 1946 to 13th January 2004 and is considered as amongst the most prolific serial kills in the recorded history. In the backdrop of mayhem created by Shipman, the legal structure of the nation relating to the health care and medicines was reviewed and was altered. He continues to be the only British physicians who have been found guilty of murdering their patients even when a number of doctors have been acquitted for crimes of similar nature, or convicted with lesser charges. Shipman died on his own hands by hanging himself one day before his 58th birthday, at his prison cell in Wakefield Prison (Whittle and Ritchie, 2009). On January 31st, 2000, he was found guilty of fifteen murders by the jury, for killing the patients that were in his care. As a result of this, he was given a life term imprisonment, where a recommendation was given along with this that he should never be released (Marshall, 2016). The Shipman Inquiry was carried on for a period of two years, into the deaths which were certified by Shipman and this was chaired by Dame Janet Smith who investigated into the crimes committed by Shipman. 218 victims were identified in the inquiry but the estimated number of his victims was over 250, where 80% were elderly women. A 41 year old male was his youngest confirmed victim even when the suspicion was that he had killed patients as young as the age of four (Plehov, 2014). Crimes The crimes of Shipman came to light when a local undertaker noticed that the patients of Shipman seemed to be dying at a rate which was unusually high and also showed similar poses in death where the body was always fully clothed and they were usually reclining or sitting up on a settee. He started becoming suspicious and approached Shipman regarding this issue in a direct manner (Green, 2015). However, he was reassured by Shipman that the local undertaker had nothing to worry. Dr. Susan Booth, another medical colleague, after some time also found the similarity as a disturbing thing and this led to the local coroners office being alerted about this and he raised the alarm bells with the police. Initially a covert investigation was undertaken in which Shipman was not found guilty and his records appeared to be in proper order. However, this inquiry never included checking the criminal records or a contact with the General Medical Council, which would have been proof enough of the ear lier record of Shipman. After a more thorough investigation was undertaken, it was revealed that the medical records of the patients had been changed by Shipman in order to substantiate their causes of death (Biography, 2017). Shipman gained the advantage of his status and hid behind the shield of being a caring family doctor, which made it nearly impossible to ascertain when exactly he had started killing his patients or that how many individuals had died at his hands. The authorities further faced difficulty as he denied all the charges. The determination of the daughter of one of his victims, i.e., of Angela Woodruff, led to his killing spree being brought to an end, as she rejected the explanations given regarding the cause of death of her mother. Angelas mother was Kathleen Grundy who was a wealthy widow of 81 years age and he was found dead on June 24th, 1998, at her home, after Shipman had visited her. Angela was given the advice that there was no need of an autopsy and so Kathleen was buried as per the wishes of her daughter (Batty, 2005). Angela was a lawyer by profession who had always looked after the affairs of her mother and this resulted in her being surprised when she saw another will to be present, where her mother had left the majority of her estate to Shipman. This led to her being sure that the document had been forged and that Shipman had murdered her mother for getting her estate. She then told all this to the local police, which led to the Detective Superintendent, Bernard Postles drawing the very same conclusion after he examined all the evidence. This led to Kathleens body being exhumed and the undertaken post-mortem showed that she died as a result of the overdose of morphine, which had been given to her within 3 hours of her death and this was within the timeframe of the visit of Shipman to her (Clarkson, 2005). When the home of Shipman was raided where an odd collection of jewellery, medical records and an old typewriter was yielded which proved to be the reason due to which it was shown that the document produced had been forged regarding the will of Kathleen. This made it clear to the police that Shipman had forged the document and this led to his medical records being seized, which led to the case extending beyond a single death and the property shifted to the deaths which could prove to be the most productive for the investigation, particularly for the victims who had been cremated and who had died after Shipman visited them at their home. In majority cases, Shipman had requested the families that there was no need of further investigation into the death of their loved ones and this was done even in such cases where the relatives had died owing to unknown reasons to the families. The computerized medical notes of Shipman further corroborated this (Casey, 2011). Characteristics The key characteristic attributed to Harold Shipman was that he was an expert manipulator. Serials killers have often used the apparent vulnerability and the need of pleasing in an effective manner, time and again for hiding their sinister personality. In the world, some of the leading and known serial kills have this terrifying skill of manipulating the ones who are around them, where they are able to press the correct button for presenting themselves in the false light. Often, the serial killers are able to manipulate the situations around them for passing the blame of their acts by using the medical psychological research or the hot button issues of the day for making an attempt to explain their acts. Shipman was able to use his position as being a medical expert and used it to manipulate his patients in their treatments and this ultimately killed them, while Shipman continued to portray himself as a caring member of the society (Woollaston, 2015). The manipulators have the ability of pleasing others in their dominant characteristic, and they try to appear to be vulnerable. They wear a veil of weakness and humility in order to lure their victims in the false sense of security. The serial killers hide their deep disturbed personality in a false pretence and portray themselves as the nice guy. Such serial killers have the eerie skill of reading the people and of manipulating the emotions of other, for getting their way. Harold Shipman is a leading example of luring the individuals, which included his patients and the members of the society, into believing that he was a caring and an altruistic member of the society. This ultimately led to his victims being lured in his sinister plot of inflicting death on them, in the so called terms of medical treatment (Chase, 2017). Manipulation is a key trait in majority of psychopaths, in addition to impulsiveness and aggression and these are the features which further lead them towards the path of criminal activities. Psychopaths are not only manipulative and also calculating and they do not suffer from delusions or hallucinations, as is the case with certain set of serial killers. Psychopaths differ from psychotics as they do not hear voices in their heads or make up false stories regarding the world (Herve and Yuille, 2017). Apart from the manipulation undertaken by Shipman, some people believed that he was avenging the death of his mother, who passed away when he was merely 17 years of age. Some believed that he killed the old ladies by injecting them with morphine as a manner of easing the burdens. A more disturbing theory is that he considered himself as a God and could not resist playing the role of one. This is the reason he skilled the patients to show that he could both save a life and take it as wel l (Batty, 2005). Another key characteristic about him was that he was a poisoner, who used lethal injections of diamorphone on his victims. In this regard he used his tactics and his medical profession as a manner of gaining access to the clients. His manipulative techniques were all the more important after he had committed the murder of a victim and he told their loved ones to ignore going forward with any more examination into the death of the victim, thereby avoiding any chances of being made liable for their deaths through discovery. He was also filled with greed which led to him being caught. The forgery of the will of Kathleen was the prime example of this, where he forged a will of Kathleen and awarded himself the majority of her will. There was an absence of violence, sexual overtone, and clear motives save for one instance (Lavina, 2013). Where some believed he was clinging on to his mothers death, others believed that he was recreating the death scene of his murder. Some also state that th e fact that he left so many clues was proof enough that he desperately wanted to be caught and to be stopped and that was fighting a compulsion which he could not control. However, the exact reason for Shipman being indulged in such murders is still unknown (Whittle and Ritchie, 2009). Conclusion Thus, from the discussion carried on above, it becomes clear that Harold Shipman was a serial killer who was a medical practitioner and who misused his profession to manipulate his patients and killed them. Shipman manipulated the families of his victims to avoid any sort of further follow up in the death of the victims which led to him continuing his evil plans. Even though his colleagues did raise the alarm bells, his persona and his image as being a proper health practitioner helped him in avoiding getting caught. However, his acts were brought to the light when his greed was caught by the daughter of one of his victims, who caught the forged documents created by Shipman regarding the will of his victim. He had a number of characteristics as being an expert manipulator, where different reasons were given for him being indulged in such gruesome acts. References Batty, D. (2005) QA: Harold Shipman. [Online] The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2005/aug/25/health.shipman [Accessed on: 26/11/17] Biography. (2017) Harold Shipman. [Online] Biography. Available from: https://www.biography.com/people/harold-shipman-17169712 [Accessed on: 26/11/17] Casey, E. (2011) Digital Evidence and Computer Crime: Forensic Science, Computers and the Internet. London: Academic Press. Chase, J. (2017) Evil Among Us: 5 Traits of Serial Killers. [Online] Author Jennifer Chase. Available from: https://authorjenniferchase.com/2017/01/13/evil-among-us-5-traits-of-serial-killers/ [Accessed on: 26/11/17] Clarkson, W. (2005) Evil Beyond Belief - How and Why Dr Harold Shipman Murdered 357 People. London: John Blake Publishing. Green, R. (2015) Harold Shipman: The True Story of Britain's Most Notorious Serial Killer. Luxembourg: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Herve, H., and Yuille, J.C. (2017) The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice. Oxon: Routledge. Lavina. (2013) Top 15 Worst Serial Killers World has Ever Seen. [Online] Listovative. Available from: https://listovative.com/top-15-worst-serial-killers-world-ever-seen/ [Accessed on: 26/11/17] Marshall, N. (2016) Doctor Death: The True Story of Harold Shipman. Luxembourg: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. Newton, M. (2008) Serial Killers. New York: Infobase Publishing. Peters, C. (2006) Harold Shipman: Mind Set on Murder: why Shipman Killed and Killed Again: the True Story. London: Andr Deutsch. Plehov, M. (2014) Harold Shipman: The Doctor of Death. Northamptonshire, United Kingdom: Igloo Books. Waller, S. (2011) Serial Killers - Philosophy for Everyone: Being and Killing. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Whittle, B., and Ritchie, J. (2009) Harold Shipman - Prescription For Murder: The true story of Dr Harold Frederick Shipman. London: Hachette UK. Woollaston, V. (2015) How to spot a serial killer: Criminologists reveal five key traits the most notorious murderers have in common. [Online] Daily Mail. Available from: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3169359/How-spot-serial-killer-Criminologists-reveal-five-key-traits-common-notorious-murderers.html [Accessed on: 26/11/17]

Gender Inequalities in the 21st Century

Introduction Women have never enjoyed their freedoms in society due to barriers put in place by men. Feminist theorists consider ways in which physical differences between men and women are used to show that women should be allocated inferior and degrading activities such as motherhood and secretary.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Gender Inequalities in the 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, women are subjected to stereotypes, which portray them as weak. Women are often excluded from public activities and are relegated to the private domain of the home. In society, women are ascribed feminine qualities and identities through the process of socialization. Women grow up knowing that their existence in society depends on the decisions made by men. Therefore, women live in a state of false consciousness. Feminists observe that the subjection of women to the power of men originated from the rise of private property, the family, and the state. Engels proved that women’s subjection began with the rise of private property. In other words, the emergence of private property subordinated women to men because the law required men to declare their property, including women (Williams, 2000). Using Marx and Engel class analysis, feminist scholars view women subjection as a product of overall exploitation and injustices that are found in the capitalistic societies. In the modern society, women have equal rights as those of men. The rights of women are well documented in the constitutions of various countries. However, it is noted in this article that certain historical developments have presented new opportunities to women. These historical developments will be discussed in detail. Furthermore, the paper will discuss some of the achievements of feminist organizations. Before discussing the achievements of women and historical developments, it is crucial that the grievances of women be discussed. Grievances of Women Some women view oppression as inevitable in all male dominated societies. Political and economic power is concentrated in the hands of men. Radical feminists observe that there is a substantial social differentiation between sexes. Functionalist feminists agree that it is impossible to change gender roles in society without revising the social structure. In this regard, the main aim of functionalist scholars is to revise the social structure. The main concern of the radical feminists is to incorporate women into the economy. For functionalists, if change in the social structure is enhanced, social disorder will be inevitable. Therefore, gender equality should be approached cautiously. Conflict theorists on their part observe that no social structure is safe if it is maintained by oppressing a majority of its citizens.Advertising Looking for term paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For such feminists, women should be allowed to participate in societal activities without discrimination. In this case, women must be allowed to own land, participate in political processes such as voting for their preferred candidate, and present their candidature during elections. In society, women are never allowed to engage in activities that are perceived to belong to men. From the pre-industrial period, men were powerful because of their physical strength and freedom from childbearing duties. Feminists observe that these factors allowed men to dominate women physically. In this regard, the aim of women is to ensure that physical differences are not used to assign responsibilities to individuals in society (Oaxaca, 2004). Cultural beliefs in society support a social structure that puts men in dominant positions. From early childhood, children are socialized to accept traditional gender roles as natural and just. Women are against this perception because capab ility is not dictated by gender. In many societies, some academic courses are reserved for boys while girls are advised to take inferior courses. The prestigious courses are believed to be pursued by men while women pursue the less prestigious ones. Feminists demand that the society must appreciate the fact that women have the same capabilities as those of men. Using Marx class analysis, feminists observe that men are like the bourgeoisie while women are the proletariat because they depend on men for survival. Men control most of society’s wealth, prestige, and power. Women are compared to the proletariat because they are like the workers who work under the directives of the bourgeoisie. Women are exploited, and their culture is always devalued while that of men is valued. Most of the women’s work is devalued, particularly that of the home. Feminist scholars have challenged the stereotyping of women and argued for a gender-balanced study of society in which women exper iences and contributions are visible just like those of men. In a study of positions of men and women in paid labor, feminists conclude that most workers are found in sex-segregated jobs implying that certain jobs are exclusively reserved for men while others belong to women. This form of segregation is not natural according to feminists, but society is structured to channel people into occupations based on gender and also to reserve positions of authority to men.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Gender Inequalities in the 21st Century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Each feminist group has its own grievances. For instance, the main concerns of white women include equal pay, equal education and opportunities, free contraception, and free abortion. There is no uniting position among feminists. Feminism has been associated with the culture of white women. Radical feminism is characterized by the belief that p atriarchy is the leading cause of women’s oppression. A way could be found in academic feminism, which has an impact on teaching and research in academic institutions. Consequently, feminist courses are currently taught in the institutions of higher learning. Feminist courses are concerned with revising and challenging a wide variety of academic disciplines. Academic feminists are concerned with criticizing the sex-blind nature of academic knowledge. Most disciplines have ignored the writings of women. In the academic field, we only have founding fathers, but not mothers. Historical Developments All women agree that subordination of women to men is a result of socio-economic factors, but not biological factors. Women are present in most social situations, but their presence is not appreciated. Where they are not present, it is not because of inequality or lack of interest, but because there have been deliberate efforts to exclude them. Where women are present, they perform le ss prestigious roles such as wife, secretary, and passenger. However, historical developments have presented enormous opportunities to women. Developments in the law have helped women to reassert their position in society. In England, the law prohibited unmarried women from owning property and entering into the contract with other members of society. The law allowed married women to inherit properties from their husbands. However, things have changed due to historical developments. The modern law identifies the legal status of women, both married and unmarried. A woman in the modern society can own land legally, and the law protects her rights. In 1960, the US came up with a number of laws aimed at improving the economic status of women. For instance, the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was passed to empower women economically. In 1964, The Civil Rights Act was passed in the US, which demanded that a company respects the views of women. In 1967, A Presidential Executive Order was approved, wh ich illegalized all state contractors that neglected the views of women. In the UK, Equity Law was developed to allow a woman to sue her husband over misconduct. Similarly, a law was developed in the US in 1839, which allowed women to own property without necessarily holding marriage certificates. In the nineteenth century, Britain and the US passed laws that allowed women to work in companies and other organizations operating outside their towns. When the law was first passed, textile companies employed women and children who worked under poor conditions. Moreover, women were supposed to work for over twelve hours a day. In 1847, the British government passed a law that required companies to adjust working hours from twelve hours to ten hours.Advertising Looking for term paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the labor market, historical developments have presented a number of opportunities to women. In the twentieth century, the colonial government in the US passed a law allowing women to take courses that were previously reserved for men. This was a breakthrough because women were able to work as lawyers, doctors, preachers, and technicians. Before the nineteenth century, women were never allowed to undertake medical courses. In 1890, an approximated five percent of women practiced medicine in the US. In 1980, the percentage of female doctors increased to seventeen percent. In Germany, the percentage of female doctors was nineteen percent in 1980. The percentage of doctors was highest in Israel, with a percentage of thirty-two. In 1930, the percentage of women in the legal profession was two percent. The percentage increased to twenty-two percent in 1989. The trend shows that governments have been enacting laws aimed at boosting the employability of women. Countries have come up wit h affirmative action policies aimed at safeguarding the interests of women in the labor market. For instance, it is illegal for a company to recruit individuals based on gender. In fact, each company must have a substantial number of women in all sections and departments. In the managerial board, women must be given enough positions for a company to be registered as a public company. Moreover, the government cannot award its tenders to a company that does not recruit enough women. Before the First World War, women could not be recruited into the military and other security forces. The military belonged to men because women were considered weak and helpless. However, this has so far changed due to historical developments that have taken place in the military (Paci, 2001). After the Second World War, the US president declared that the government would be cracking down on all those who were against democracy. Women interpreted this to mean that the government supported all forms of equ ality, including gender equality. The US president had no option but to support the activities women. He ensured that measures are put in place to guarantee women positions in government. The US president ensured that women enjoy their political rights. The president declared that the political rights of women had been provided for in the 1920 reforms. In 1984, women supported the presidential candidate with a woman as a running mate. This was a milestone to the struggles of women. In 1917, the first woman was elected to represent the people of Montana in parliament. In 1933, the first woman was elected the senator in the US. This proved that the society appreciated the leadership roles of women. Even in the local politics, women were actively involved because Patience was elected the first mayor of Oklahoma City. In other parts of the world, political reforms allowed Ceylon to become the first female prime minister of Sri Lanka from 1960 to 1965. In India, Indira was the first fema le premier, who transformed the lives of many. In 1980, Vigdis became the first female president in the world. Another historical development that favored women was the creation of international organizations. For instance, the first women convention in the US declared that women were equal to men. The convention proved that the inequalities existing in society are creations of men since people are equal. Therefore, the international organizations have been advocating that laws should be applied uniformly in society. After the American Civil War, women believed that constitution amendments would give them suffrage rights. However, the constitution granted blacks their suffrage rights. Even though women did not benefit directly, it was a milestone because the society had appreciated the existence of minorities in society (Manning, 2004). Achievements of Feminist Organizations It can be concluded that women have achieved a lot in society due to their unrelenting struggles. In educatio n, women have pursued courses of their choice without interference from government. The education system does not favor any group. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, women had no rights to pursue courses reserved for men. For instance, the study of medicine, law, and engineering was reserved for men. A woman was supposed to pursue courses that were less superior such as secretary. For instance, a woman was expected to take a course in the field of education, but not medicine. In the modern world, we have female professors and doctors specializing in various fields. In the labor market, women are also doing well. Employers recruit workers based on their skills and abilities. Gender is not part of the recruitment requirements. In fact, an employer found discriminating workers based on gender should be arrested and prosecuted. This has seen the rise of women in society to take up leadership positions in organizations. In each country, the government must balance its civil serv ice by ensuring that women take up a sizeable percentage of government positions. Some of the cultural practices that interfered with the achievement of women are no more. For instance, those found engaging in injustices are severely punished by the law. Rape is one of the felonies that are punishable by life imprisonment (Lyonette, 2010). However, feminist organizations must come up with additional strategies to strengthen the position of women in society. For instance, the major determiner of salaries in both the public and the private sector has been the gender of the employee. The employers in both the private and the public sector have continuously looked out for gender when offering their salaries. Various individuals and organizations have condemned this, claiming that some women in the job markets are well equipped with enough experience as compared to men in the same job market. Considering gender while offering salaries would not only be unfair to women, but also unrealist ic basis of determining salaries. Women should continue fighting for their rights if they are to achieve their objectives in society. The achievements realized so far are not enough to bring them at par with men. References Lyonette, C. (2010). Gender Inequalities in the 21st Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Manning, A. (2004). Something in the Way She Moves: A Fresh Look at an Old Gap. Oxford Economic Papers, 53(3), 169-188. Oaxaca, R. (2004). Discrimination and the Decomposition of Wage Differentials. Journal of Econometrics, 61(3), 5-24. Paci, P. (2001). Unequal Pay for Women and Men. London: Oxford University Press. Williams, J. (2000). Unbending Gender: Why Family and Work Conflict and What to Do about It. New York: Oxford University Press. 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A Definition of Regular Education

A Definition of Regular Education Regular Education  is the term often used to describe the educational experience of typically developing children. The content of this curriculum is defined in most states by state standards, many which have adopted the Common Core State Standards. These standards define the academic skills that students should acquire at each grade level.  This is the Free and Appropriate Public Education  against which the program of a student who receives special education is evaluated. General Education is used interchangeably with regular education but is preferred. It is better to speak of general education students as opposed to regular education students. Regular implies that special education students are irregular, or somehow flawed. Once again, General Education is the curriculum designed for all children which are meant to meet state standards, or if adopted, the Common Core State Standards.  The General Education program is also the program which the states annual test, required by NCLB (No Child Left Behind,) is designed to evaluate.   Regular Education and Special Education IEPs and Regular Education: To provide FAPE for special education students, IEP goals should be aligned with the Common Core State Standards.  In other words, they should show that a student is being taught to the standards.  In some cases, with children whose disabilities are severe, IEPs will reflect a more functional program, which will be very loosely aligned with the Common Core State Standards, rather than directly linked to specific grade level standards.  These students are most often in self-contained programs.  They are also the most likely to be part of the three percent of students allowed to take an alternate test. Unless students are in the most restrictive environments, they will spend some time in the regular education environment.  Often, children in self-contained programs will participate in specials such as physical education, art, and music with students in the regular or general education programs.  When assessing the amount of time spent in regular education (part of the IEP report) time spent with typical students in the lunchroom and on the playground for recess is also credited as time in the general education environment.   Testing Until more states eliminate testing, participation in high stakes state tests aligned to the standards is required of special education students.  This is meant to reflect how the students perform alongside their regular education peers.  States are also permitted to require that students with severe disabilities are offered an alternate assessment, which should address the state standards.  These are required by Federal Law, in the ESEA (Elementary and Secondary education act) and IDEIA.  Only 1 percent of all students are allowed to take an alternate test, and this should represent 3 percent of all students receiving special education services. Examples: A statement in an IEP: John spends 28 hours each week in a regular education third-grade classroom with his typical peers where he receives instruction in social studies and science.

Culture influences on leadership processes Essay

Culture influences on leadership processes - Essay Example In this paper, the proponent tries to specifically emphasise the specific influence of culture on the leadership process. In line with this, guidelines for how leaders can adapt their communication to diverse cultures are included. What is culture? Man from the start struggled to survive with nature. Everything was not learned in an instant event but humans have to undergo trial and error process. This paved way to their important experiences with nature. It is therefore implied that culture is a result of experiences from humans’ struggle for survival with nature that eventually resulted to belief, art, law, moral, customs, capabilities and habits (Ayisi, 1992). Today, these are widely observed as integral parts of everyone’s daily survival in every part of the world. Due to different and constant experiences encountered by people everyday, culture has become a system consisting of interrelated and interdependent habit pattern of response (Kroeber and Kluckhohn, 1978). Every individual has different way to respond to a certain experience. The form of response is also dependent on the available ideas and patterns of activities generated from different experiences. Culture therefore has become easy to be identified through knowing how people live, what clothes they wear, what foods they eat, what language they speak, stories they tell and celebrations they celebrate as far as knowing how they survive is concerned (Kalman, 2009). This makes culture as a way of life because it tries to define the entire being of a person. From the day an individual arrived in this planet, the entire event did not start with picking up the right thing in order. Everything had to undergo a series of events of experiences from top to bottom. This means that an individual had to struggle to come up with the right process in order to discover the right and appropriate response to every situation. Culture therefore is such a broad concept because of its connection with the human lives. It is an integral part of daily survival and without it there is no enough basis of measuring how far an individual has gone through in life. From the standpoint of cultural anthropology, culture encompasses the idea about shared concepts, values, beliefs and adaptive system (Lyman, 2008). Every nation has an idea about shared concepts, beliefs, values and adaptive system. Japanese are known for their loyalty, courtesy and other good values that are considered to be important parts of where their country right now. Their cultural values are considered integral parts of how they achieve things in life and how they face situations and circumstances. Cultural values for them are very important because this is how they should consider themselves in relation to dealing with other people not only with their own race but other people in the world. Values are very important for Japanese that even on how they achieve things with economic considerations, they considered price an d quality as the most important considerations why people should go for their products. As a result, Japanese are among of the leading innovators in the world with considerable emphasis on their cutting-edge technology. The United States has certain beliefs and shared concepts about the American way of life. Part of their culture is the belief that when a certain thing is priced expensive, then it must have substantial positive impact on quality. On the other

Human resourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human resourse - Essay Example Greenway Industries has employed members of both the families and began to grow and made huge profits. Later some issues took place in the firm due to existing reporting process. One of the female members (Kate) in the family believed that male dominated operation will reduce her privileges. The firm has 45 female employees, most of whom work in lower-level clerical positions or on the assembly line. Practically none are in middle or senior or professional positions. Donna’s board membership stands out as an isolated example of female authority. Kate is the daughter of Bob’s and Donna, married to Peter who is the chief finance officer. Kate is not a board member and works in the company’s accounts section on a casual basis when her work at home allows. Kate worked in a big law firm that had enlightened policies in relation to its female workers. She believes that a wholehearted approach to the preparation of the Agency report is called for and her values would make some kind of tokenistic report unacceptable. Kate has begun an informal campaign—mostly through some gentle pressure on her husband Peter and her mother—to have the firm take the reporting process seriously. Robert Lim sees Kate’s move as an attempt to find a spot on the board for her. Kate denies this but believes that her daughters have a genuine interest in joining the firm when they are older. This creates pressure for the board of directors from Donna because of Kate. A family owned business involves one or more family in ownership and control of the business. It is the oldest form of business organization. It is â€Å"A  small or medium-sized business that is controlled and operated by members of a family. It may be organized as a sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, or limited liability company.† (Business definition for: Family business. 2009). Family owned

Beauty of Nature as appreciated by Wordsworth

Beauty of Nature as appreciated by Wordsworth Beauty of Nature as appreciated by Wordsworth Poetry, which came much before prose in human history, has been a vehicle for the spiritual and social progress in man. The natural world with its great beauty and mystery has long been a source of inspiration to poets. The Romantic poets like Wordsworth and Keats, who were active in the nineteenth century, experienced the most inspiration through nature, which they captured in their poetry. William Wordsworth, especially, in his poetry, uses descriptions of nature to raise the mind to mystic heights. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, the attitude of people changed from an awe of nature to a desire to harness everything natural for the benefit of man, which the Romantic poets viewed with concern. In his poems â€Å"The World is Too Much with Us† and â€Å"Nutting†, William Wordsworth makes use of the portrayal of the beauties of nature to deplore the greed of man who is mindlessly exploiting nature. Written in Germany, the poem â€Å"Nutting† evokes Wordsworths remembrance of turbulent feelings he had when he had gone nutting as a boy. William Wordsworth writes about a beautiful, pristine wood whose beauty and purity he had destroyed by his greed to gather the nuts .Continuing in the same vein, in â€Å"The World is too much with Us†, the poet laments the heartlessness of humankind, which has come under the sway of unfathomable avarice, and which no longer is moved by the beauty of nature. Wordsworth describes the secret, unexplored place he went to after clambering over rocks and stepping over tangled ferns in â€Å"Nutting†. It is a place of perfect peace where the poets heart experiences great joy. He describes the nook where he sits down among the flowers under the trees The poem conveys a deep sense of peace and meditation attained by man by connecting with nature. The final lines of the poem convey the spiritual feeling that the beauty of nature inspired in the poet. The symbolism of the plentiful hazelnut clusters which cover the trees alludes to the bounty of nature. The tattered old clothes the boy wears symbolizes the poverty of spirit of man. The poet describes how the unsullied nook is ravaged by the violent acts of the boy. Although he is now rich with the nuts he came to gather, he feels a twinge of guilt and pain when he gets a final glimpse of the virgin nook he has destroyed. The symbolism of the earth being exploited mercilessly and violently by man is evident in this poem. He tells us to cultivate a ‘gentleness of heart ‘and exhorts us to be gentle with nature so that we are in harmony with it. Wordsworth continues to regret the crass, materialistic attitude of man in his Petrarchan sonnet, â€Å"The World is too much with us.† He cries out that we waste our resources by consuming too much. He states that we are not in tune with nature any longer as we have become too insensitive. Using the powerful imagery of howling winds which are gathered up like flowers, the poet conveys a sense of urgency in his poem. By portraying the sea as laying bare its bosom to the moon, he alludes to the connectedness of every great and small thing in nature.. He feels angry that the beauty, mystery and force of nature have no effect on the insensitive soul of man, who is out of harmony with nature. The mercenary goals of man disgusts him so much that he wishes he were born as a pagan, who would have had a better communion with the sea and the land. For Wordsworth, nature is not something to be consumed and exploited, but nature is something that leads man to the universal soul. He makes use of his great descriptive talents to portray that humanity is losing its connected feeling with nature by following the materialistic ideals of getting and spending.