Is Antigone A Tragic Play Essay example -- essays research papers

Is Antigone an appalling play as characterized by Aristotle?  â â â â      Antigone is anything but a heartbreaking play. Or maybe it is a religious discussion brought forth by Sophocles, a discussion that is as yet seething today, the discussion of who holds the higher law, the Gods or the State. While this discussion has gradually contorted into Church versus State, which is a totally different contention, the most noteworthy inquiries despite everything continue as before: Which one is held higher in men’s (and women’s) hearts? Antigone addresses this inquiry with stunning clearness in her affirmation of blame to Creon, â€Å" I ought to have commendation and respect for what I have done. Every one of these men here would adulate me, were their lips not solidified shut with dread of you. Ok, the favorable luck of lords, authorized to state and do whatever they please! C: only you are in that supposition. A: No, they are with me, But they keep their tongues in leash.† By saying in this way, Antigone is broadcasting all everybody holds the laws of the Gods higher than the laws of the State, except if the State is the more quick danger.      But this all brings up another issue, does the law of the Gods truly matter? Will the Gods really entreat you and try to bring you hurt for not following in their manners? One who isn't so strict would state no, it isn't the Gods who hold the blade at your throat yet a man, who at that point thinks about the Gods. In any case, on account of Antigone, the Gods do showcase their retribution. Tireseas spake:...

Garlic And Abate As Larvicide Against Mosquito Larvae Biology Essay

Garlic And Abate As Larvicide Against Mosquito Larvae Biology Essay This trial was intended to explore and look at the viability of garlic as the characteristic larvicide and Abate as the substance larvicide against mosquito hatchlings. The adequacy of the larvicides was dictated when taken for all the mosquito hatchlings to be executed. The mosquito hatchlings were set in independent plastic cups containing garlic concentrate and Abate separately. They were checked at fixed time stretches and the time taken for all the mosquito hatchlings to kick the bucket was recorded. The investigation was rehashed with various centralizations of garlic concentrate and Abate. A two-way ANOVA factual test indicated that Abate is increasingly compelling against mosquito hatchlings at 5% centrality level contrasted with garlic, relating to the exploratory theory. Research and Rationale Mosquitoes start from the family Culicidae.13 Like numerous different bugs, they experience a real existence cycle from egg to hatchling, pupa lastly grown-up. They are commonly notable as parasitic creepy crawlies to human and they are answerable for some deadly ailments, for example, dengue, jungle fever and yellow fever. Some regularly realized genera are Aedes, Culex and Anopheles. For the most part, mosquitoes breed in stale water like lakes, bogs and bogs and they flourish in warm climates.9 (210 words) So as to control mosquitoes, concoction larvicides are utilized. One ordinarily utilized larvicide, Abate is applied to stale water to execute hatchlings of a wide scope of pathogen-conveying vectors (mosquitoes) to obstruct their improvement into grown-up mosquitoes.2 Consequently, this forestalls malady conveying mosquitoes from incubating and transmitting the pathogens to human by means of chomps. In spite of the fact that the dynamic element of Abate, temephos is supposed to be powerful against mosquito hatchlings (influences the sensory system by repressing cholinesterase chemical), it has its drawbacks. Research has indicated that specific mosquito species (Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti) have created obstruction for Abate.4 what's more, rodents presented to temephus demonstrated natural phosphorus harming while some fish are helpless against temephus. Temephus additionally hurt inverterbates, for example, shrimps and crabs. Collection of temephus may likewise cause intense effects on cholinesterase action engaged with nerve signal transmission.6 Plant concentrates, for example, those of garlic are potential choices to Abate. Smashing garlic discharges thiosulfinates which convert into diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide whenever blended in with water.10 These two items shaped are viable against mosquito hatchlings. Preliminaries led in Bombay have indicated that few types of mosquito hatchlings are vulnerable to garlic extricates. Allicin assists with controling jungle fever by forestalling the arrangement of circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of Plasmodium sporozoites to taint have cells.10 They are compelling, sheltered, ecological amicable and efficient. The goal of this trial was to explore and analyze the adequacy of garlic as the common larvicide and Abate as the substance larvicide against mosquito hatchlings. The outcomes from this analysis show that the spread of pathogen-causing sicknesses by mosquitoes can be controlled by utilizing characteristic substances, for example, garlic just as synthetic larvicide like Abate. Garlic is a potential choice to Abate as it is powerful, effectively accessible and eco-accommodating. In spite of the fact that it probably won't be as quick going about as synthetic larvicides, garlic has none of the drawbacks of Abate, for example, gathering in the earth and executing different spineless creatures. Consequently, more research is being directed to examine the proficiency of garlic as a larvicide. (545 words) Test speculation There is a critical contrast between the viability of garlic and Abate as larvicide. Lessen is increasingly powerful larvicide contrasted with garlic. Invalid theory There is no critical contrast between the viability of garlic and Abate as larvicide. Factors Controlled variable : Types of substances Reacting variable : Time taken for all the hatchlings to kick the bucket Fixed factors : Number of mosquito hatchlings, volume of refined water, room temperature Contraption 100mL estimating chamber, electronic equalization, plastic cups, name stickers, pestle and mortar, expendable droppers, glass pole Materials Mosquito hatchlings, garlic cloves, cinnamon powder, fennel powder, Abate 1.1G, refined water Arranging A preliminary investigation was led to figure out which common substance has the most huge impact on mosquito hatchlings. The three regular substances utilized were cinnamon powder, fennel force and garlic cloves. Three marked plastic cups were utilized. About 1% of each individual regular substance extricates were made by either dissolving 1g of the powder in 100mL of refined water or beating 1g of garlic and afterward blend in with 100mL refined water. Utilizing a dispensable dropper, 5 mosquito hatchlings were embedded into each cup and they were permitted to sit for 24 hours. The quantity of mosquito hatchlings left following 24 hours was checked. (750 words) Sorts of regular substances Number of mosquito hatchlings left following 24 hours Cinnamon 3 Fennel 5 Garlic 0 Table 1: Number of mosquito hatchlings left following 24 hours concerning characteristic substances The outcomes suggest that garlic indicated the most critical impact on mosquito hatchlings since none of the mosquito hatchlings was left following 24 hours. A subsequent preliminary was completed to decide the strategy to quantify the viability of garlic and Abate. The principal strategy was to check the quantity of mosquito hatchlings left following 24 hours while the second was to gauge the time taken for all hatchlings to pass on. Three focuses were utilized for every substance and technique. Substance Number of mosquito hatchlings left following 24 hours for every fixation 1% 2% 3% Garlic 0 0 0 Subside 0 0 0 Table 2: Calculating the quantity of mosquito hatchlings left following 24 hours Substance Time taken for all hatchlings to kick the bucket for every focus (minutes) 1% 2% 3% Garlic 420 360 120 Subside 90 75 55 Table 3: Measuring the time taken for all hatchlings to kick the bucket The outcomes demonstrated that technique 1 was not viable to use since no mosquito hatchlings is left following 24 hours for both garlic and Abate. Along these lines, strategy 2, which is to gauge the time taken for all hatchlings to pass on, was utilized to think about the adequacy of the two substances as larvicides. (983 words) Genuine Experimental Procedures 1g of garlic clove was gauged utilizing an electronic parity. The garlic clove was put in a mortar and it was beat softly utilizing the pestle to get garlic separate. 100mL refined water was estimated utilizing an estimating chamber and it was filled the mortar to shape a concentrate arrangement of focus 1%. The arrangement was then moved into a named plastic cup. Utilizing an expendable dropper, five mosquito hatchlings were moved into the recepticle. At 5-minutes stretch, the quantity of dead mosquito hatchlings in the container was tallied and recorded to quantify the time taken for all hatchlings to bite the dust. Dead hatchlings are those that can't be instigated to move when they are contacted with the tip of the dropper. Stages 1 to 6 are rehashed twice to acquire a normal time taken. Stages 1 to 7 are rehashed for garlic cloves of 2g, 3g 4g and 5g. The time taken for all hatchlings to bite the dust for each individual garlic fixation was classified. Stages 1 to 9 were continued utilizing 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g and 5g of Abate 1.1. A diagram of interim taken for all hatchlings to kick the bucket against grouping of larvicides was plotted. A two-way ANOVA test was utilized to investigate the information factually. Hazard Assessment The test system is positioned generally safe. The danger of inadvertent presentation of mosquito into the earth had been thought of and precautionary measures were taken to guarantee that pupae which had formed into mosquitoes were not discharged, however slaughtered in the water. The holder containing hatchlings were shut at unequaled. Gloves were worn to maintain a strategic distance from direct contact with Abate which is poisonous. Hands were washed when dealing with garlic concentrate, Abate and mosquito hatchlings. In the wake of utilizing droppers, they were arranged appropriately. At the point when the test had finished, the arrangement containing dead mosquito hatchlings were depleted into the research facility sink. (1307 words) Results Focuses (%) Time taken for all mosquito hatchlings to bite the dust (minutes) Garlic Abate1.1G 1 2 3 Mean 1 2 3 Mean 1 360 345 370 358.3 90 85 90 88.3 2 300 310 300 303.3 75 75 70 73.3 3 120 115 120 118.3 55 50 60 55.0 4 100 90 110 100.0 45 40 40 41.7 5 80 80 70 76.7 30 35 35 33.3 Table 4: Time taken for all hatchlings to kick the bucket for various convergences of garlic and Abate Figure 1: Graph of interim taken for mosquito hatchlings to kick the bucket concerning groupings of larvicides (1409 words) Factual Analysis Two-way ANOVA test was utilized to investigate the information to show whether there is a noteworthy distinction between the two larvicides. The Columns P-Value (8.58E-24) is not exactly the essentialness level (ÃŽ ± = 0.05). There is an importance contrast between the larvicidal properties of Abate and garlic. Decrease is a more grounded larvicide than garlic. Accordingly, the test theory is acknowledged and the invalid speculation is dismissed. From the examination additionally, the determined Sample P-esteem (3.62E-22) is not exactly the centrality level tried too (ÃŽ ± = 0.05). This shows there are measurably huge contrasts between various convergences of garlic and Abate. The Interaction P-Value (3.01E-19) demonstrates that there was a measurable noteworthy association between the larvicides and the fixations utilized. Higher groupings of the two larvicides are increasingly successful against the mosquito hatchlings contrasted with lower fixations. (1548 words) Substances Garlic Lessen Complete 0.01 Check 3 3 6 Whole 1075 265 1340 Normal 358.3333 88.33333 223.3333 Difference 158.3333 8.333333 219

How does language allow self-reflection Free Essays

How does language permit self-reflection? BY paulvolpi15 How does language permit self-reflection? There are two selves of oneself; the unconstrained self is their acting imprudently because of requirements and wants paying little heed to concern. The other self is simply the socially cognizant, which screens and conservatives the driving forces from the unconstrained self. For instance, during a psychological contention the unconstrained self might need to recover (property) merchandise without buying, however the socially cognizant self may blue pencil the unconstrained self by advising themselves that doing so is illicit. We will compose a custom article test on How does language permit self-reflection or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now It’s like having a heavenly attendant on one shoulder and a demon on the other. This self-reflection permits us to screen our correspondence, with the goal that we (our two selves) can remind ourselves in discussion that individuals of different societies may have various qualities. Additionally it causes us to accomplish the appearance we anticipate of ourselves by changing our discourse and conduct to the circumstance. How does language arrange recognitions? The manner in which we arrange encounters impacts what they intend to us. At the point when you put somebody into the class of family or companion, an affront gets fun loving prodding, yet when an adversary or more unusual says a similar affront it is very hostile. We can utilize this hierarchical quality o go past explicit encounters and rearrange them to be viewed as theoretical considerations. This disentanglement and association can wind our musings through generalizing. Generalizing joins people and encounters into a group that accentuates a shared trademark at the same time, it can regularly disregard the dissimilarities inside the group. Clearly, we need to take a wide view at wonders to work routinely yet it’s essential to consider our generalizations to perceive the contrasts between marvels. How does language permit theoretical idea? How would you figure you will do in this semester? Where do you see yourself after graduation? What would you be able to see yourself accomplishing after graduation? While addressing these inquiries you should think theoretically or fresh. Utilizing images encourages us to think speculatively on the grounds that we can name thoughts and catch them in our brains and afterward we can ponder them. We can apply our past encounters to our current circumstance and plan out potential prospects. Words have no essential association with what they speak to. We could substitute different images to speak to similar marvels. The significance of a word is an aggregate development by individuals from a gathering. This takes into consideration the importance of words to move after some time or even be recently produced. For xample, the term â€Å"googling† never existed until free web crawlers were made and turned out to be openly satisfactory among all web clients as an action word that implies scanning for information, similar to information, details, and realities. Numerous words can have various ramifications for various gatherings of individuals. For instance, the ramifications of a word for a particular gathering of individuals is considered socially satisfactory for all individuals from the gathering yet inadmissible in different gatherings. Likewise, you may have words that have explicit or a unique ramifications for just your loved ones. As our words and images keep on moving endlessly from a free reality, the potential for onfusion is colossal. For instance, overgeneralization is deliberately utilized for extraordinary flawlessness. We can lessen the presence of these sorts of missteps by utilizing progressively explicit language. At last the association among language and observation is by all accounts exceptionally entangled in light of the fact that it is so expansive thus explicit. The main thing that strikes a chord is fundamentally how individuals choose to appreciate the language from a gathering and the manner in which individuals impart their recognition back to a gathering. Step by step instructions to refer to How does language permit self-reflection, Essays

BlackBerry Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

BlackBerry - Research Proposal Example The reason for this report was to make some key proposals for the organization to improve its market position, just as income development. The report incorporated some serious issues the organization is looking at present. Diminished piece of the overall industry and diminished consumer loyalty level because of nearly less noteworthy touch screen configuration were seen as the principle issues for the organization for which some key proposals were given to the authorities. The suggestions included advancement of Blackberry detachment administration, assembling of music players and workstations, and sharing of the emissary administration with contenders. Presentation - Global Overview of Issue Reaching a higher position in today’s serious business world and keeping up it for quite a while is perhaps the greatest objective of pretty much every organization having a place with a specific industry. On the off chance that we talk about the organizations having a place with the medi a transmission industry, we can say that there is a solid rivalry among the organizations due to consistently expanding pattern towards utilization of advanced cells and most recent remote gadgets. In such a situation, organizations need to convey alluring and creative items to the client not exclusively to accomplish upper hand yet additionally to expand the client base. Nonetheless, doing this isn't a simple activity and requires broad reasoning. is one of such organizations which are presently confronting colossal money related emergency as a result of diminished consumer loyalty with their present item go. The organization was viewed as one of the top advanced cell brands of the world in the ongoing past as a result of its creative items and high caliber. ... osition in the realm of remote innovations since it isn't thinking of the plans and highlights for its new items that client normally search for. It is because of this explanation that the organization has not just lost a noteworthy level of its piece of the overall industry as of late yet in addition lost a considerable lot of its clients. The organization will likewise lay off just about 4,500 workers in the closest future (Goldman, 2013). This explanatory report is intended to introduce a top to bottom review of the issue being looked by the organization, just as the purposes for the issues. The primary motivation behind the report is to give a few suggestions to the company’s authorities in regards to answers for the distinguished issues. Organization Background Founded in 1984 by Mike Lazaridis, Blackberry is a Canadian media transmission organization that fabricates tablets and advanced cells. The organization has remained the market chief of the universe of media transm ission gadgets for quite a while dependent on its top notch cell phones and remote gadgets. Be that as it may, with the coming of new advancements and structure ideas in the field of data innovation and effective reception of those ideas by the contending firms, the piece of the overall industry of the organization has fallen radically. The facts confirm that Blackberry had an extraordinary hang on the media transmission industry a couple of years back when fashioners and programming architects of the organization were thinking of eye-getting cell phone plans, just as the product applications for the telephones. Be that as it may, the organization couldn't continue with the pace and in the long run abandoned itself in the race of rivalry. The significant explanations for this fall are absence of center towards embracing new structure ideas, absence of center towards receiving new working frameworks, for example, android, and absence of center towards

On-site vs. Off-site SEO Optimization

On-site vs. Off-site SEO Optimization When designing a search engine optimization strategy, it is natural to wonder whether the primary focus should be on on-site or off-site SEO factors, or some combination of the two. Moreover, it is important to understand how white hat and black hat SEO strategies fit into the context of determining the proper mix of on-site and off-site factors. © Shutterstock.com | Rawpixel.comIn this article, we will cover: 1) a comparison of on-site and off-site SEO; 2) key on-site strategies; 3) key off-site strategies; 4) black hat strategies, both â€"on-site and off-site; and 5) determining the right mix of on-site and off-site strategies.ON-SITE VS. OFF-SITE SEO: A COMPARISONTo understand how to evaluate the use of on-site or off-site SEO strategies, it is important to understand what is meant by both terms. On-site SEO strategies generally refer to strategies that are implemented within the web programming language, and appear on the website itself. These can include strategies to aid search engines in indexing and ranking the website in question, as well as encourage visits, especially repeat visits. Some common examples of on-site strategies include frequently publishing sticky content, properly using metadata, and ensuring site navigation is simple for humans and search engine crawlers.Off-site SEO strategies are all those SEO st rategies that are implemented off-site, such as those which incorporate third-party websites. Many off-site SEO strategies involve driving traffic to the website; however, some involve enhancing a website’s overall visibility in search results, while others involve enhancing its index-ability by search engine crawlers. Common examples of off-site strategies include backlinking and email marketing. It is important to note that all off-site SEO strategies are not necessarily performed online. Some of the most effective SEO strategies include traditional media.Both on-site and off-site strategies can be tremendously effective in enhancing search visibility. In a business context, often, the planning and execution of off-site SEO strategies require the assistance of departments external to that of the SEO professional. Because the SEO professional, or web developer in charge of SEO, can control on-page factors, the pursuit of certain off-site strategies is neglected, stymied, or poorl y implemented. For example, properly designing an email campaign is the domain of a digital marketing department, which may or may not include an SEO professional. Failure to incorporate staff with expertise in email marketing may result in either avoidance of that tactic or poorly designed email blasts, either of which may harm overall search efforts.However, the most successful SEO plans implement a combination of on-site and off-site strategies, and require the buy-in and support of multiple departments. Before evaluating different on-site and off-site SEO strategies, it is critical to understand the difference between white hat and black hat SEO strategies. White hat strategies refer to those strategies carried out in accordance with SEO best practices as defined by the search engines themselves. They involve developing a website and attendant content in a manner to maximize utility for the end-user, rather than the search engine crawler itself. In other words, SEO professionals should develop websites that people love and to which they keep coming back; and the high search visibility will follow.White hat SEO also involves eschewing strategies designed to fool a search engine into thinking that a website is more popular, relevant, or useful than it actually is. Such strategies comprise what is known as black hat SEO. While black hat SEO can be useful in effect short-term increases in search visibility, in the long run, generally speaking, they will not yield sustainable increases over time. Search engines are constantly on the lookout for websites that use such strategies, and often mete punitive measures (usually involving dramatically decreasing a website’s search engine visibility) to offenders. Moreover, many black hat strategies are the result of SEO professionals devising new ways to game the search engines.Once these methods become known and are adopted by many, their effectiveness is diminished.In general, white hat SEO strategies are the most e ffective in yielding sustainable increases to website search engine visibility. Three key white hat strategies that have onsite and offsite analogues should be a part of any on-site/off-site mix.KEY ON-SITE SEO STRATEGIESOf the many white-hat SEO strategies, few can surpass the impact of keyword research, on-site content publishing, and public relations.On-site keyword researchKeyword research involves researching those keywords and phrases that Internet users commonly use to find the products and services the organization sells, its brand and website, as well as those of its competitors. SEO professionals can then incorporate this content into meta data, indicating to search engine crawlers that the sites subject matter is about those keywords and phrases, and should be categorized with other similar sites. These keywords can also be incorporated into content published on the site, strengthening the argument to the crawler about how the site should be categorized. Keyword density the number of times keywords and phrases appear on a page or in metadata can influence a websites search results for searches involving those keywords.On-site content publishingOn-site content is more than just a placeholder for keywords. The content on-site can keep people on-site and convince them to perform an action, such as provide lead contact information, or purchase a product. Conversions are often a metric by which SEO results (not to mention marketing and sales results are measured); but time on-site (which is increased by the completion of conversion tasks) can boost SEO.Moreover, frequently posting new and relevant content can enhance SEO in myriad ways. It can attract new and repeat visitors, as well as provide more opportunities to convert consumers into customers or qualify them as leads. Engaging content can increase time on-site. New webpages allow an organization to increase overall keyword density, as well as signal to the crawler that it is a consistently updated site, both of which can improve SEO.Website content should be developed as part of the organization’s own integrated marketing communications (IMC) strategy. Ideally, the organization’s marketing department rather than the SEO professional should develop copy; however, the SEO professional should provide the marketing department with a list of branded and non-branded keywords for them to incorporate in website copy. The IMC plan should contain a content development plan and a schedule for publishing said content.On-site public relationsPublic relations professionals will perform most public relation activities off-site. However, consistently publishing press releases onsite can be a powerful part of an overall content development and publishing strategy, enhancing a website’s keyword density, index-ability, quantity of fresh content, and overall usability. Further, pulling public relations professionals into SEO strategy discussions can help generate ideas for additional on-s ite content, as well as greatly enhance off-site SEO strategies. KEY OFF-SITE SEO STRATEGIESLet’s look at how on-site keyword research, content publishing, and public relations play out off-site and drive other SEO strategies.Keyword research in advertising and social media marketingKeyword research is significant in a number of marketing strategies that have a significant benefit to overall search engine visibility. Keywords and phrases can provide invaluable consumer insights to advertisers. Increasing the efficacy of an online or offline ad that links back, or refers traffic back to, the website, increases website traffic that, in turn, improves SEO.Incorporating keywords and phrases into content on branded social media channels can not only enhance the search volume for those terms, and make it more likely that an organization’s brand appears high in one of the Big Three search engines (Google, Bing, or Yahoo); it also optimizes those pages in social network search engines. These often-neglected targets of SEO search are highly trafficked. For example, YouTube’s search engine has long garnered a higher volume of search queries than even Yahoo has. Moreover, even if a particular social search engine yields less total search query volume that is less than one of the Big Three, in many instances, organizations can more easily market to their target audience by casting a relatively narrower net on a social network than on a global search engine.Keywords/phrases can also be incorporated into content intended for distribution and/or publication off-site.Content distribution and off-site content publishingOne measure of the popularity of an organization and its brand is the reach of its content. If an organization is regularly publishing content that users are sharing via social networks and other online methods, the volume of keywords that can be indexed increases dramatically. This increases the probability that the organization’s website will appear hi gh in search results for those search terms.In addition to social media marketing, blogging, guest blogging, micro-sites, and email marketing, are among the many opportunities available to develop and publish content off-site that can link back to the website. Backlinking, as an SEO strategy, is important because it allows search engine crawlers to assess popularity partially based on the sites referring traffic to the website in question.Public relationsKey to a strong back-linking strategy is off-site public relations activity. Indeed, even backlink planning should be done in concert with public relations professionals, as search engine crawlers now assess whether the sites referring traffic to the website are relevant to the site’s subject matter. Further, they assign higher relative value to referring sites that are of high quality, and are organic â€" obtained naturally because of the website’s overall utility. Public relations professionals are tasked with developing earne d media â€" news coverage, in online and offline venues. A single backlink from well-established news sites like The New York Times can improve a website’s search visibility far more than a hundred paid links from webpage that are irrelevant to the organization’s website. Further, obtaining guest blogging opportunities and generating certain email copy is the province of PR professionals; again, they should be provided with keywords to optimize the copy for SEO purposes. BLACK HAT ON-SITE AND OFF-SITE STRATEGIESMost black hat SEO tactics involve on-page factors. Of the few that do not, many involve assailing the rankings of competing websites, and/or illegal methods. However, legal (albeit unethical) keyword, content, and public relations SEO strategies can be employed onsite.Keyword-based black hat strategiesA common black hat SEO keyword-based strategy is keyword stuffing which involves creating content with extremely dense use of keywords and phrases. This can be done in eith er meta data or in content itself. When it is done in the former, it is known as meta tag stuffing. Because meta data is self-reported data about what the site is about, it usually has less significance in SEO than on-site content. Many SEO professionals using this strategy create multiple articles extremely rich in keywords, often without regard for readability. Some that do create pages wherein keywords are stuffed on the page but invisible to the reader; this tactic is also frowned upon by search engines. It is known as cloaking â€" and includes more than just invisible text. Cloaking is a series of methods by which SEO professionals show the search engine crawler one site of content and human visitors another, and can include swapping optimized pages for other non-optimized ones, and invisible links, among others.Content-based publishing black hat strategiesSEO professionals may employ article spinning â€" a tactic wherein they rewrite a single piece of content multiple times, o ften stuffing each piece with keywords. The rewrites allow the SEO professional the opportunity to fool the crawler and users into believing the site is frequently updated, in addition to increasing overall keyword density. This is also often done by translating pages into multiple languages through translating programs. These imperfect translations may or may not be readable. Further, some SEO professionals may duplicate content from other sites without attribution to increase their site’s content.Unethical public relations practicesUnethical public relations are most often used, not to drive traffic directly to a website (which might be considered marketing), but to spin existing, or generate new news coverage, that assails a competitor, and drives traffic to the organization (and its website) as an alternative. These tactics are often used in political campaigns, but can and have been used by corporations to frame an issue as favorable to itself, usually at the expense of a thi rd party. This is known as negative buzz. One notable example, which actually involved an eyeglass firm, known as DecorMyEyes, creating negative buzz around its own products and services by providing legendarily bad customer service in order to obtain bad online reviews. These reviews pushed the site to the first page of Google search results, and significantly increased sales. Unfortunately for the owner, the poor service, which included death threats to customers, led to a jail sentence.DETERMINING AND ASSESSING THE RIGHT MIX OF ON-SITE AND OFF-SITE SEOThere is no one-size-fits-all for determining the best combination of on-site and off-site factors to use. The only way to determine what works for a particular site is, using best practices (whether white hat or black hat) as a framework, trial and error. Fortunately, there are many methods for testing and analysis, and a variety of metrics available for measurement. The key is a commitment to continuous testing and experimentation , and an understanding that both the dynamic nature of the data (what works one day may not tomorrow), and the interrelation between the variables.For example, while the exact criteria each search engine uses for keyword rankings is unknown, one can assume that keyword density in meta tags but not on-site content will send a crawler mixed signals and result in diminished visibility. Further, one might attribute a spike in traffic to the implementation of a new method, when it might be a natural spike due to seasonality associated with the brand. SEO professionals must be mindful that sustainable increases in any of the most common measures of SEO success: traffic, rankings, and conversions, are likely due to a number of factors, and must analyze the data until they understand the interplay of those factors in order to maintain and improve the current search results even further.